When was finland part of russia

Finland declared independence on 6 December , and the Bolshevik government that seized power in the October Revolution in Russia recognised Finnish independence on 31 December Soon after independence, a bloody civil war broke out in Finland. The war was fought between the Reds or labour movement and the Whites or government troops. The Whites received support from Germany and the Reds from Russia.

Finland was strongly in the German sphere of influence because the Soviet Union became the biggest threat to the security of the state.

In the s, many right-wing and far-right movements were popular in Finland, as in other parts of Europe. Finland lost both wars, but the Soviet Union never occupied Finland. As a defeated party, Finland had to pay the Soviet Union heavy war reparations in the form of goods. The war reparations included, for example, trains, ships and raw materials. Finland financed the building of the goods with loans and aid. The production of the war reparations helped Finland evolve from an agrarian country into an industrialised country.

The industrialisation started a migration from the countryside into the cities. In , Finland and the Soviet Union signed an Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance, where the countries promised to defend each other against external treats. The collapse of the Soviet Union and loan-based economic growth in the s caused a recession in Finland in the s. The worst time of the recession was in the early s; many Finnish people were unemployed, companies went bankrupt and the state had little money.

In about , the Finnish economy started to grow, the most important company being mobile phone company Nokia. Finland joined the EU in and was one of the first countries to adopt the euro as its currency. First, select an area. Once you have selected an area, you will get a link to the InfoFinland pages of the area you selected.

When you browse various topics on the website, a link to a similar topic on the pages of the area you selected will appear in this menu. If you are an employee, entrepreneur, student, returnee, refugee, asylum seeker or family member of a person living in Finland, you will find information particularly suited to your situation in life on these InfoFinland webpages. From these webpage, you will find the information you need quickly and in a concise form.

Go to page contents. Search from website:. Expand Moving to Finland. Coronavirus and moving to Finland. Expand EU citizens. Expand Non-EU citizens.

Work in Finland. Entrepreneur in Finland. Study in Finland. Expand Family member in Finland. Residence permit for a spouse. Asylum in Finland. Quota refugees to Finland. Remigration to Finland. A short stay in Finland. Expand Residence permit extension.

If the reason for your residence in Finland changes. Permanent residence permit. Expand Residence permit problems. Negative residence permit decision. Can I lose my residence permit? In Finland without a residence permit. Nordic citizens. Expand Registering as a resident. Municipality of residence in Finland. Moving to Finland checklist. Expand Living in Finland. Expand Settling in Finland. Integration into Finland.

Everyday life in Finland. Cost of living in Finland. Do you need an interpreter? Your rights and obligations in Finland. Finnish social security. Expand Finnish citizenship. How to apply for Finnish citizenship? The rights and obligations of Finnish citizens. Moving away from Finland. Expand Work and Enterprise. Expand Find a job in Finland.

Job application and CV. Foreign diploma or degree in Finland. Equality and equal opportunities in working life. Conditions of employment and salary in Finland.

Contents of a contract of employment. Annual holidays. Trade unions. Health and safety at work. Occupational health care. If you fall ill. Family leave. Certificate of employment. Problems in working life. Expand Starting a business in Finland. Company forms. Obligations of the entrepreneur. Expand Taxation.

Tax card. Tax return and tax decision. Expand If you become unemployed. Unemployment benefit. Expand Finnish working culture. Everyday life at the workplace. Expand Finnish and Swedish. Why should I study Finnish or Swedish? Studying Finnish. Language course levels. Finnish online. Official certificate of language proficiency.

Swedish language in Finland. Information about Finnish and Swedish. Important sentences in Finnish. Expand Housing. Housing in Finland. Moving House.

Expand Rental home. Tenancy agreement. Buying a home. Student housing. Housing allowance. Rights and obligations of occupants.

Safety at home. Waste and recycling. Supported and service housing. Housing problems. Expand Education. The Finnish education system. Early childhood education. Preschool education. Comprehensive education. Vocational education and training. Upper secondary school.

Universities of applied sciences. Applying for education and training. Vocational labour market training. Studying as a hobby. Financing your studies. Foreign students in Finland. Foreign degrees in Finland. Expand Health. Health services in Finland. Dental care. Mental health. Sexual health and contraception. Pregnancy and childbirth. Support during illness.

Expand Disabled persons. Services for disabled persons. Financial support for disabled persons. Expand Family. Expand What is a family? Single parent families. As a result, Finland became one of the best and friendliest neighbours for the Soviet Union and later Russia. If using any of Russia Beyond's content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material. This website uses cookies.

Click here to find out more. So, was Finland ever a part of Russia? June 18 Boris Egorov. Through the centuries, Russians and Finns fought many frantic battles, but also shared mutual peaceful times. Today, Finland is considered one of the best neighbors Russia has.

Getty Images. Public domain. Wounded Warrior in the Snow by Helene Schjerfbeck. Finnish National Gallery. Pioneers in Karelia by Pekka Halonen, Ateneum, Finland. Helsinki in Finnish markka note Public domain. Parliament of Finland, The first session in In , Helsinki was made the capital of Finland, and the university, which had been founded in Turku in , was moved to Helsinki in The Finnish national movement gained momentum during the Russian period.

The Language Decree issued in by Alexander II marked the beginning of the process through which Finnish became an official administrative language. Although only one-seventh of the Finnish population spoke Swedish as its first language, Swedish retained its dominant position until the beginning of the 20th century.

The Finnish Diet was convened in after a break of more than half a century. From then on, the Diet met regularly, and active legislative work in Finland began. The Conscription Act of gave Finland an army of its own.

The Revolution in Russia gave Finland a short breathing spell, while a new legislative body to replace the old Estates was created in At that time this was the most radical parliamentary reform in Europe, because Finland moved in one bound from a four estate diet to a unicameral parliament and universal suffrage. Finnish women were the first in Europe to gain the right to vote in parliamentary elections. On December 6, , Parliament approved the declaration of independence drawn up by the Senate under the leadership of P.

Svinhufvud — At the same time, the breach between the parties of the left and the right had become irreconcilable. At the end of January , the left-wing parties staged a coup, and the government was forced to flee Helsinki.

The ensuing Civil War ended in May with victory for the government troops, led by General Gustaf Mannerheim — Finland became a republic in the summer of , and K. The independent republic developed briskly during the s. The wounds sustained in the Civil War were alleviated by conciliatory measures such as including the Social Democrats in the government; in — they formed a minority government on their own. Although Finland first pursued a foreign policy based on cooperation with Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, the League of Nations was already the cornerstone of Finnish security policy in the s.

When the inability of the League of Nations to safeguard world peace became evident in the s, Parliament approved a Scandinavian orientation in In the Winter War Finland stood alone; other countries offered only sympathy and modest assistance.

Finnish ski troops inflicted heavy casualties on the Russian army.