These outcomes are particularly important to an organization looking to retain a competitive advantage in an increasingly mobile and globalized workforce. Employees with certain personality traits and experiences adjust to an organization more quickly. This type of personality predisposes some workers to engage in behaviors like information seeking that accelerate the socialization process.

The Big Five personality traits—openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism—have been linked to onboarding success. Specifically, new employees who are extraverted or particularly open to experience are more likely to seek out information, feedback, acceptance and relationships with co-workers. Curiosity also plays a substantial role in the newcomer adaptation process.

Individuals with a curious disposition eagerly seek out information to help them make sense of their new organizational surroundings, which leads to a smoother onboarding experience. Employee experience levels also affect the onboarding process. For example, more experienced members of the workforce tend adapt to a new organization differently from a college graduate starting his or her first job.

This is because seasoned employees can draw from past experiences to help them adjust to their new work settings. They may be less affected by specific socialization efforts because they have a a better understanding of their own needs and requirements at work and b are more familiar with what is acceptable in the work context.

Employees that build relationships and seek information can help facilitate the onboarding process. Newcomers can also speed up their adjustment by demonstrating behaviors that assist them in clarifying expectations, learning organizational values and norms, and gaining social acceptance.

This can be achieved informally through talking to their new peers during a coffee break, or through more formal means like pre-arranged company events. Research has shown relationship building to be a key part of the onboarding process, leading to outcomes like greater job satisfaction, better job performance and decreased stress.

Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality and moral values. Explain how people come to be socialized in terms of religion and how parental influence is a key factor in religiosity. Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values.

Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions, and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to explain the origin of life or the universe. They tend to derive morality, ethics, religious laws, or a preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the cosmos and human nature.

Sociology of religion is the study of the beliefs, practices, and organizational forms of religion, using the tools and methods of the discipline of sociology. This objective investigation may include the use of both quantitative methods surveys, polls, demographic, and census analysis and qualitative approaches, such as participant observation, interviewing, and analysis of archival, historical, and documentary materials. Agents of socialization differ in effects across religious traditions.

Some believe religion is like an ethnic or cultural category, making it less likely for the individuals to break from religious affiliations and be more socialized in this setting. Parental religious participation is the most influential part of religious socialization—more so than religious peers or religious beliefs. For example, children raised in religious homes are more likely to have some degree of religiosity in their lives. They are also likely to raise their own children with religion and to participate in religious ceremonies, such as baptisms and weddings.

Belief in God is attributable to a combination of the above factors but is also informed by a discussion of socialization. Children are socialized into religion by their parents and their peers and, as a result, they tend to stay in religions.

Alternatively, children raised in secular homes tend not to convert to religion. Secular people converted to religion and religious people became secular.

Despite these rare exceptions, the process of socialization is certainly a significant factor in the continued existence of religion. Socialization through Religious Ceremonies : Religious ceremonies, such as Catholic mass, socialize members of the faith to the practices and beliefs of the religion.

Division of labor is the specialization of cooperative labor in specific, circumscribed tasks and similar roles. Division of labor is the specialization of cooperative labor in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles. Historically, an increasingly complex division of labor is closely associated with the growth of total output and trade, the rise of capitalism, and of the complexity of industrialization processes.

Division of labor was also a method used by the Sumerians to categorize different jobs and divide them between skilled members of a society. Emilie Durkheim was a driving force in developing the theory of the division of labor in socialization. Because social ties were relatively homogeneous and weak throughout society, the law had to be repressive and penal, to respond to offenses of the common conscience.

In an advanced, industrial, capitalist society, the complex division of labor means that people are allocated in society according to merit and rewarded accordingly; social inequality reflects natural inequality.

Durkheim argued that in this type of society moral regulation was needed to maintain order or organic solidarity. In the modern world, those specialists most preoccupied with theorizing about the division of labor are those involved in management and organization.

In view of the global extremes of the division of labor, the question is often raised about what manner of division of labor would be ideal, most efficient, and most just. It is widely accepted that the division of labor is to a great extent inevitable, simply because no one can perform all tasks at once. Labor hierarchy is a very common feature of the modern workplace structure, but the structure of these hierarchies can be influenced by a variety of factors.

Division of Labor : An assembly line is a good example of a system that incorporates the division of labor; each worker is completing a discrete task to increase efficiency of overall production.

Analyze the different constructs of the incest taboo, ranging from biological the Westermarck effect to cultural endogamy and exogamy. D3 would have An incest taboo is any cultural rule or norm that prohibits sexual relations between relatives. All human cultures have norms regarding who is considered suitable and unsuitable as sexual or marriage partners. Usually certain close relatives are excluded from being possible partners.

Little agreement exists among cultures about which types of blood relations are permissible partners and which are not. In many cultures, certain types of cousin relations are preferred as sexual and marital partners, whereas others are taboo. One potential explanation for the incest taboo sees it as a cultural implementation of a biologically evolved preference for sexual partners without shared genes, as inbreeding may have detrimental outcomes.

The most widely held hypothesis proposes that the so-called Westermarck effect discourages adults from engaging in sexual relations with individuals with whom they grew up. The existence of the Westermarck effect has achieved some empirical support. The Westermarck effect, first proposed by Edvard Westermarck in , is the theory that children reared together, regardless of biological relationship, form a sentimental attachment that is by its nature non-erotic.

Another school argues that the incest prohibition is a cultural construct that arises as a side effect of a general human preference for group exogamy. Intermarriage between groups construct valuable alliances that improve the ability for both groups to thrive.

According to this view, the incest taboo is not necessarily a universal, but it is likely to arise and become stricter under cultural circumstances that favor exogamy over endogamy; it likely to become more lax under circumstances that favor endogamy. This hypothesis has also achieved some empirical support. Societies that are stratified often prescribe different degrees of endogamy. Endogamy is the opposite of exogamy; it refers to the practice of marriage between members of the same social group.

Inequality between ethnic groups and races also correlates with endogamy. Class, caste, ethnic and racial endogamy typically coexists with family exogamy and prohibitions against incest. Explain the purpose of an ideology and how it is used in various contexts i. An ideology can be thought of as a comprehensive vision, as a way of looking at things, as in several philosophical tendencies, or a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to all members of this society.

The main purpose behind an ideology is to offer either change in society, or adherence to a set of ideals where conformity already exists, through a normative thought process. Ideologies are systems of abstract thought applied to public matters and thus make this concept central to politics. In the Marxist account of ideology, it serves as an instrument of social reproduction.

In the Marxist economic base and superstructure model of society, base denotes the relations of production, and superstructure denotes the dominant ideology religious, legal, political systems. The economic base of production determines the political superstructure of a society. Sign in with your library card Please enter your library card number. Show Summary Details Overview work socialization. Reference entries work socialization in A Dictionary of Sociology 3 rev Length: words.

All rights reserved. Sign in to annotate. Delete Cancel Save. For example, information about the mistreatment of African Americans and Native American Indians more accurately reflects. On August 13, , twenty South Korean men gathered in Seoul. Each chopped off one of his own fingers because of textbooks. These men took drastic measures to protest eight middle school textbooks approved by Tokyo for use in Japanese middle schools.

For instance, it held Korea as a colony between and Today, Koreans argue that the Japanese are whitewashing that colonial history through these textbooks. One major criticism is that they do not mention that, during World War II, the Japanese forced Korean women into sexual slavery. Although it may seem extreme that people are so enraged about how events are described in a textbook that they would resort to dismemberment, the protest affirms that textbooks are a significant tool of socialization in state-run education systems.

A peer group is made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests. Peer group socialization begins in the earliest years, such as when kids on a playground teach younger children the norms about taking turns, the rules of a game, or how to shoot a basket. As children grow into teenagers, this process continues. Peer groups are important to adolescents in a new way, as they begin to develop an identity separate from their parents and exert independence.

Additionally, peer groups provide their own opportunities for socialization since kids usually engage in different types of activities with their peers than they do with their families. Just as children spend much of their day at school, many U. Different jobs require different types of socialization. In the past, many people worked a single job until retirement. Today, the trend is to switch jobs at least once a decade. Between the ages of eighteen and forty-six, the average baby boomer of the younger set held Bureau of Labor Statistics, This means that people must become socialized to, and socialized by, a variety of work environments.

In the past dressing professionally meant wearing dress clothes to help communicate your feelings of respect and importance about the work. Today, in many tech companies dressing in such a way is off-putting. While some religions are informal institutions, here we focus on practices followed by formal institutions. Religion is an important avenue of socialization for many people. The United States is full of synagogues, temples, churches, mosques, and similar religious communities where people gather to worship and learn.

For some people, important ceremonies related to family structure—like marriage and birth—are connected to religious celebrations. Many religious institutions also uphold gender norms and contribute to their enforcement through socialization.

From ceremonial rites of passage that reinforce the family unit to power dynamics that reinforce gender roles, organized religion fosters a shared set of socialized values that are passed on through society.

Although we do not think about it, many of the rites of passage people go through today are based on age norms established by the government. Individual governments provide facets of socialization for both individuals and groups. Also called networking, relationship building involves an employee's efforts to develop camaraderie with co-workers and supervisors.

This can be achieved informally through talking to their new peers during a coffee break, or through more formal means like pre-arranged company events. Research has shown relationship building to be a key part of the onboarding process, leading to outcomes like greater job satisfaction, better job performance and decreased stress.

Boundless Sociology. Agents of Socialization. Concept Version Learning Objective Analyze the process of onboarding as it relates to workplace socialization.

Key Points Tactics used in the onboarding process include formal meetings, lectures, videos, printed materials and computer-based orientations. These include employees with a proactive personality, "Big Five" personality traits, curiosity , and greater experience levels. Information seeking occurs when new employees ask questions of their co-workers to learn about the company's norms , expectations, procedures and policies.

Also called networking , relationship building involves an employee's efforts to develop camaraderie with co-workers and even supervisors.